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Publication
Intravoxel Incoherent Motion Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Skeletal Muscle:
Review and Future Directions.
Authors Englund EK, Reiter DA, Shahidi B, Sigmund EE
Submitted By Submitted Externally on 12/3/2021
Status Published
Journal Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI, References
Year 2021
Date Published 8/1/2021
Volume : Pages Not Specified : Not Specified
PubMed Reference 34390617
Abstract Throughout the body, muscle structure and function can be interrogated using a
variety of noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) methods. Recently,
intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) MRI has gained momentum as a method to
evaluate components of blood flow and tissue diffusion simultaneously. Much of
the prior research has focused on highly vascularized organs, including the
brain, kidney, and liver. Unique aspects of skeletal muscle, including the
relatively low perfusion at rest and large dynamic range of perfusion between
resting and maximal hyperemic states, may influence the acquisition,
postprocessing, and interpretation of IVIM data. Here, we introduce several of
those unique features of skeletal muscle; review existing studies of IVIM in
skeletal muscle at rest, in response to exercise, and in disease states; and
consider possible confounds that should be addressed for muscle-specific
evaluations. Most studies used segmented nonlinear least squares fitting with a
b-value threshold of 200?sec/mm2 to obtain IVIM parameters of perfusion fraction
(f), pseudo-diffusion coefficient (D*), and diffusion coefficient (D). In
healthy individuals, across all muscles, the average?±?standard deviation of D
was 1.46?±?0.30?×?10-3  mm2 /sec, D* was 29.7?±?38.1?×?10-3  mm2 /sec, and f was
11.1?±?6.7%. Comparisons of reported IVIM parameters in muscles of the back,
thigh, and leg of healthy individuals showed no significant difference between
anatomic locations. Throughout the body, exercise elicited a positive change of
all IVIM parameters. Future directions including advanced postprocessing models
and potential sequence modifications are discussed. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 2
TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 2.




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