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Publication
Sex differences in systemic bone and muscle loss following femur fracture in
mice.
Authors Osipov B, Paralkar MP, Emami AJ, Cunningham HC, Tjandra PM, Pathak S, Langer HT,
Baar K, Christiansen BA
Submitted By Submitted Externally on 1/10/2022
Status Published
Journal Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society
Year 2021
Date Published 6/1/2021
Volume : Pages Not Specified : Not Specified
PubMed Reference 34081357
Abstract Fracture induces systemic bone loss in mice and humans, and a first (index)
fracture increases the risk of future fracture at any skeletal site more in men
than women. The etiology of this sex difference is unknown, but fracture may
induces a greater systemic bone loss response in men. Also sex differences in
systemic muscle loss after fracture have not been examined. We investigated sex
differences in systemic bone and muscle loss after transverse femur fracture in
3-month-old male and female C57BL/6?J mice. Whole-body and regional bone mineral
content and density (BMC and BMD), trabecular and cortical bone microstructure,
muscle contractile force, muscle mass, and muscle fiber size were quantified at
multiple time points postfracture. Serum concentrations of inflammatory
cytokines (IL-1ß, IL-6, and TNF-a) were measured 1-day postfracture. One day
postfracture, IL-6 and Il-1B were elevated in fracture mice of both sexes, but
TNF-a was only elevated in male fracture mice. Fracture reduced BMC, BMD, and
trabecular bone microstructural properties in both sexes 2 weeks postfracture,
but declines were greater in males. Muscle contractile force, mass, and fiber
size decreased primarily in the fractured limb at 2 weeks postfracture and
females showed a trend toward greater muscle loss. Bone and muscle properties
recovered by 6 weeks postfracture. Overall, postfracture systemic bone loss is
greater in men, which may contribute to sex differences in subsequent fracture
risk. In both sexes, muscle loss is primarily confined to the injured limb and
fracture may induce greater inflammation in males.




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