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Short-term food restriction followed by controlled refeeding promotes gorging
behavior, enhances fat deposition, and diminishes insulin sensitivity in mice.

Authors	Kliewer KL, Ke JY, Lee HY, Stout MB, Cole RM, Samuel VT, Shulman GI, Belury MA
Submitted By	Martha Belury on 7/24/2015
Status	Published
Journal	The Journal of nutritional biochemistry
Year	2015
Date Published	7/1/2015
Volume : Pages	26 : 721 - 728
PubMed Reference	25913018
Abstract	Rodents are commonly used in food restriction refeeding studies to investigate weight regain. Mice that are rationed food every 24h may consume all allocated food in a short time (gorge) and therefore undergo a brief well-fed period followed by an extended fasted period until the next day's food allotment. These exaggerated metabolic states are not typical in mice fed ad libitum (nibbling). The aim of the current study was to elucidate the intraday and cumulative metabolic consequences of gorging (induced by food restriction) in mice during controlled refeeding. Accordingly, following a temporary food restriction, mice were fed rations similar to intakes of controls fed ad libitum. Temporary food restriction initiated gorging behavior that persisted during refeeding; consequently, metabolism-related measurements were obtained in the gorging mice during their daily fed and fasted metabolic states. Robust differences in adipose tissue lipogenic and inflammatory gene expression were found in the gorging mice by metabolic state (fed versus fasted). Additionally, despite a reduced cumulative food intake compared to mice fed ad libitum, restriction-induced gorging mice had increased intraabdominal fat accumulation, diminished hepatic and peripheral insulin sensitivity, and a gene expression profile favoring lipid deposition. Our findings highlight the intraday differences in gene expression in gorging mice before and after feeding that confound comparisons with mice fed ad libitum, or nibbling. The present study also provides evidence that weight regain following food restriction is associated with cumulative metabolic and behavioral abnormalities in mice.

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