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Publication
Use of in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy for studying metabolic diseases.
Authors Hwang JH, Choi CS
Submitted By Submitted Externally on 7/24/2015
Status Published
Journal Experimental & molecular medicine
Year 2015
Date Published
Volume : Pages 47 : e139
PubMed Reference 25656949
Abstract Owing to the worldwide obesity epidemic and the sedentary lifestyle in
industrialized countries, the number of people with metabolic diseases is
explosively increasing. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), which is
fundamentally similar to magnetic resonance imaging, can detect metabolic
changes in vivo noninvasively. With its noninvasive nature, (1)H, (13)C and
(31)P MRS are being actively utilized in clinical and biomedical metabolic
studies to detect lipids and important metabolites without ionizing radiation.
(1)H MRS can quantify lipid content in liver and muscle and can detect other
metabolites, such as 2-hydroxyglutarate, in vivo. Of interest, many studies have
indicated that hepatic and intramyocellular lipid content is inversely
correlated with insulin sensitivity in humans. Thus, lipid content can be
utilized as an in vivo biomarker for detecting early insulin resistance.
Employing (13)C MRS, hepatic glycogen synthesis and breakdown can be directly
detected, whereas (31)P MRS provides in vivo adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
synthesis rates by saturation transfer methods in addition to ATP content. These
in vivo data can be very difficult to assess by other methods and offer a
critical piece of metabolic information. To aid the reader in understanding
these new methods, fundamentals of MRS are described in this review in addition
to promising future applications of MRS and its limitations.




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